The process of perceiving other people is rarely translated into cold, objective terms; "She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored dress." More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly perhaps with a two-second glance.
  We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed person's behavior with the known others" behavior: observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for: deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person's responses to specific stimuli; asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her; and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person-questions, self-disclosures, and so on. Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won't ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g., secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g., disclosure and truthful statements).
  1. The word "pinpoint" basically means _____
  A) appreciate
  B) obtain
  C) interpret
  D) identify
  2. What do we learn from the first paragraph?
  A) People are better described in cold, objective terms.
  B) One should not judge people by their appearances.
  C) One is usually subjective when assessing other people's personality.
  D) The difficulty of getting to know a person is usually underestimated.
  3. It can be inferred from Berger's suggestions that _____
  A) people do not reveal their true self on every occasion
  B) the best way to know a person is by making comparisons
  C) in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directly
  D) face-to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover information about a person
  4. In developing personal relationships, secrets and deceptions, in the author's opinion, are _____ .
  A) things people should guard against
  B) barriers that should be done away with
  C) as significant as disclosures and truthful statements
  D) personal matters that should be seriously dealt with
  5. The author's purpose in writing the passage is _____ .
  A) to discuss the various aspects of getting to know people
  B) to provide ways of how to obtain information about people
  C) to give advice on appropriate behavior for social occasions
  D) to call the reader's attention to the negative side of people's characters
  6. The word "unrestrained" (line 10) is closest in meaning to _____ .
  A) understandable
  B) unlimited
  C) distinguished
  D) personal

  Mehdi: Hello, Reza. Why is your neighbor sounding his car horn that badly?
  Tell him to stop it. I am really losing my temper.
  Reza: I am not on speaking terms with him. Be patient and cool off.
  1. Reza asks Mehdi _____
  A) not to be angry
  B) not to be quiet
  C) to speak to the neighbor
  D) to take out his clothes
  2. Reza and the neighbor _____
  A) do not have friendly relations
  B) encourage each other to be patient
  C) like each other very much
  D) take turns in sounding their car horns
  3. The neighbor _____
  A) did not cool off
  B) stopped making the noise
  C) was asked to be patient
  D) was not told to stop the noise

  The UN is an organization of countries that agree to cooperate with one another. It
  brings together countries that are rich and poor, large and small, and have different social
  and political systems. Member nations promise to solve their disputes peacefully, to
  avoid using force or the threat of force against other countries, and to refuse help to any
  country that opposes UN actions. UN membership is open to any country willing to
  further the UN mission and accept and follow its rules. Each country, no matter how
  large or small, has an equal voice and vote. Each country is also expected to pay dues to
  support the UN. As of 2004 the UN had 191 members, including nearly every country in the world. The
  UN's influence in world affairs has fluctuated over the years, but the organization gained new importance
  beginning in the 1990s. It was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001. Still, the UN faces constant
  challenges. It must continually secure the cooperation of its member nations because the organization has
  little independent power or authority. But getting that support is not always easy. Many nations are unwilling
  to give up their own authority and power and follow the dictates of the UN.
  
  1. What is the main idea of the passage?
   A) UN was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001.
   B) The challenges that the UN faces.
   C) An organization of countries called UN.
   D) UN missions and prizes.
  2. Why does the UN need to continually secure the cooperation of its member nations?
   A) Because it has little independent power or authority.
   B) Because it wants to gain more importance.
   C) Because it doesn't need to be supported by other nations.
   D) Because nations are unwilling to give up their own authority and power.
  3. The word "fluctuate" is closest in meaning to:
   A) change
   B) influence
   C) face
   D) lose
  4. Which one is not true according to the passage?
   A) Member nations promise to solve their disputes peacefully.
   B) Member nations promise to refuse help to any country that opposes UN actions.
   C) Member nations are expected to pay dues to support the UN.
   D) Member nations promise to use force or the threat of force against other countries.
  5. What does "their" in the last sentence refer to?
   A) The UN
   B) Nations
   C) Authority
   D) Dictates