Suppose a piece of iron were being divided up into smaller and smaller parts. Could the dividing go on forever or would there he a point when some very small particle could be divided no further? Pearly scientists thought and argued about this question. A Greek philosopher called Democritus. about the year 400BC. taught that all substances are built up from grains which cannot be subdivided. He used the Greek word atomos to describe these grains; atomos means undividable and gives us our word atom. Democritus taught that all matter is built up of atoms or tiny bits of elements. (An element is a substance made up of atoms which are all alike but different from the atoms of any other element). Even the Greeks at this time realized that the atom was very small and they could not obtain just one separate atom of an element. More than 2.000 years passed before any important aus-unx was made in man's knowledge of atoms. in 1807 John Dalton. a British chemist and mathematician from the English county of Lancashire, produced his famous atomic theory,
  
  1. When did Democritus live?
  A) In the 1600s
  B) In the 1700s
  C) About twenty-four centuries ago
  D) About four centuries ago
  2. The word "which" in line 5 refers to _____
  A) grains
  B) substances
  C) atoms
  D) parts
  3. It can be understood from the passage that early Creek philosophers' knowledge of matter was _____
  A) incomplete
  B) experiment-based
  C) related to their analysis of iron
  D) based on an accurate understanding of atoms
  4. The meaning of which of the following words is given in the passage?
  A) grain
  B) element
  C) particle
  D) atoms
  5. Which of the following statements is false, according to the passage?
  A) The word atom has a Greek origin.
  B) John Dalton worked in two scientific areas.
  C) It took man a long time to develop his knowledge of atoms.
  D) The question dividing particles was of no interest to Greek thinkers.

  Winds are nothing but moving air. Of course, the places where the winds occur and the time when they blow depend on many factors. For example, the light from the sun falls on the earth and warms it in some places more than others. This warmth causes the air to have upward currents and the air which is not warmed has to move in to replace it. Other factors for having wind are the clouds which prevent the sun from reaching the earth under them, and the sea which is warmed by the sunlight differently from the land. Wind, as well as light, heat and sound are capable of doing many things. Scientists call these, different forms of energy.
  
  1. If the light of the sun warmed the sea and the land equally, the air _____ .
  A) wouldn't move
  B) would become clean
  C) wouldn't become dirty
  D) would move faster
  2. The clouds are among the factors which _____ .
  A) cause winds
  B) destroy heat
  C) have light
  D) produce air
  3. According to the passage, energy can _____ .
  A) do only a little work
  B) appear in different forms
  C) replace the air and sound
  D) warm the whole earth

  Edison, Thomas Alva (1847-1931), an American scientist, was one of the world's greatest inventors; he was born at Milan, Ohio in the United States. As a boy he had a great deal of imagination and curiosity, and was taken away from school because the teacher thought his continual questions were a sign of stupidity. His first great interest was chemistry and he read all he could about it; he was only ten when he began to grow and sell vegetables so that he could buy chemicals for making experiments at home. When he was 12 he worked selling magazines and fruit on a train.
   He then decided to learn telegraphy and worked in several telegraph offices. Then he had the chance to walk into the building of a telegraph company just as the telegraph stopped working. Soon afterwards he made a large sum of money by selling his design for a telegraphic instrument known as a stock checker, which relayed information about share prices from stock markets.
   He then began on his own and set up a workshop and laboratory for making stock checkers and for work on his other inventions. He also helped to make the first successful typewriter and found a way of sending as many as six messages together over the same telegraph wire without getting them mixed up. He was very proud of having invented the gramophone in 1877.
  
  1. Edison stopped studying at school, for _____ .
  A) he did not study well
  B) his mother wanted him to do so
  C) the teacher thought he would not make progress at school
  D) he had a great imagination and curiosity
  2. At first Edison gave his attention to _____ .
  A) physics
  B) telegraphy
  C) typewriting
  D) chemistry
  3. He became financially successful by _____ .
  A) working in a telegraph company
  B) selling his design for a stock checker
  C) making chemicals at home
  D) selling magazines and fruit on a train
  4. According to his teacher Edison's continual questions showed his _____ .
  A) stupidity
  B) imagination
  C) telegraphy
  D) curiosity
  5. According to the passage, which sentence in not true ?
  A) He, in 1877, invented one of the things he was very proud of.
  B) He decided to learn telegraphy and worked in several telegraph offices.
  C) By inventing the first typewriter he could send as many as six messages without getting them mixed up.
  D) He began on his own and set up a workshop and laboratory for making stock checkers.