As far back as 1100 BC, Mesopotamian astronomers drew constellations, or formations of stars observed to form shapes. Some of today's constellation names date
  back to that time. Mesopotamian and Babylonian cultures mapped the motion of the
  planets across the sky by observing how they moved against the background of stars.
  Until the century, most people (including early astronomers) considered Earth to be
  at the center of the universe. Greek philosopher, Aristotle, proposed cosmology in about
  350 BC that held for thousands of years. Aristotle theorized that the Sun, the Moon, and
  the planets all revolved around Earth on a set of celestial spheres. These celestial spheres were made of the quintessence- perfect, unchanging, transparent element. According to Aristotle, the outermost sphere was
  made of the stars, which appear to be fixed in position. Early astronomers called the stars "fixed stars" to
  differentiate between stars and planets. The spheres inside the sphere of the fixed stars held the planets,
  which astronomers called the "wandering stars." The Sun and Moon occupied the two innermost spheres.
  
  1. What are constellations?
   A) a group of stars or planets
   B) a group of stars
   C) a group of stars and planets
   D) a group of planets
  2. According to astronomers before 16th century _____ .
   A) the Earth turned around stars
   B) planets turned around the Earth
   C) planets and stars turned around the Earth
   D) nothing turned around the Earth
  3. What was the outermost sphere made of according to Aristotle?
   A) It was made of stars.
   B) It was made of celestial bodies.
   C) It was made of planets.
   D) It was made of planets and gases.
  4. What are wandering stars?
   A) stars on the fixed stars' sphere
   B) stars on the last sphere
   C) stars and planets
   D) planets
  5. What does "they" refer to?
   A) stars
   B) constellations
   C) shapes
   D) planets

  Language is used in different ways; formally, in business and in academic work and informally, among family members and friends. People who speak and write a language arrive at acceptable ways of using
  words and combining them within sentences. They develop a standard usage in grammar, spelling, punctuation, and meaning. Nonstandard usage confuses people. Therefore, good writing is, first of all
  correct writing; it follows standard usage in grammar. Grammar is the study of words and the way they are combined in sentences. Musicians work with notes, painters with colors, and writers with words.
  Words are the substance of composition, the arrangement of which makes the form of composition.
  1. Standard usage refers to _____ .
  A) correct ways of using formal languages
  B) rules of language accepted by those who use it
  C) the kind of usage which is nonstandard
  D) the use of language which is not confusing
  2. We can understand from the passage that _____ .
  A) formal and informal languages may be the same
  B) language is used at different levels
  C) nonstandard usage is not correct
  D) words are more important in writing than in speaking
  3. The arrangement of words in composition makes _____
  A) careful writing possible
  B) the form of writing
  C) the grammar of language
  D) standard usage necessary
  4. The best title for this passage would be:
  A) "Formal and Informal Writing"
  B) "Good writing is Correct Writing"
  C) "Grammar Rules and Writing"
  D) "Standard and Nonstandard Writing"

  There are five billion people in the world and they live in all different corners of it. They live on the snow and ice and also in the tropical jungles. They have climbed the highest mountains, walked on the seabed, and even visited the moon.
  Man is more than other animals in number and also the most powerful of all of them on earth. However, in many ways, animals can do things better than we can. Some of them can smell, hear, and see better than us. Birds can fly thousands of miles away and return to the same place every year. However, there is one thing above all that makes people and animals different. People love to talk-talk-talk. We are great talkers. We can send messages in so many ways. Most important of all, we can write, so we can send messages through time . We have an understanding of past and future, not just present.
  1 . Human being and animals are mainly different because humans can _____ .
  A) do everything better than animals
  B) live in very cold and very hot places
  C) fly to very high and far places
  D) send messages in different ways
  2. To be able "to send messages through time" means to have the ability to .
  A) talk about past, present, and future
  B) speak to both humans and animals
  C) speak about time
  D) send messages in different ways
  3. The word "them" in line 6 refers to _____ .
  A) many ways
  B) humans and animals
  C) corners of the earth
  D) animals in the world
  4. Some animals arc better than humans in _____ .
  A) finding good ways for talking
  B) living on the earth
  C) using their nose, ears, and eyes
  D) flying to distant places
  5. Man can send messages through time because he can _____ .
  A) be a great talker
  B) write his ideas
  C) understand everything
  D) speak about different things