Stratosphere Layer Of Atmosphere
  
  The stratosphere is a layer of the earth's atmosphere. It lies above the troposphere. It begins 10 miles above the equator and 6 miles above the earth's polar regions. Little moisture enters the stratosphere, so clouds are rare. Even though the stratosphere has complex wind systems, violent storms don't occur there. That's why airline pilots prefer to fly in the stratosphere. Temperatures increase with altitude in the stratosphere. The lower layer has a temperature of 28 degrees Fahrenheit. The upper layer has a temperature of about -67 degrees Fahrenheit. The upper part of the stratosphere is called the stratopause. The stratopause lies 30 miles above the earth's surface. The stratopause contains most of the atmosphere's ozone which shields humans and other living things from ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
  
  1. Stratosphere _____.
   A) is between stratopause and the earth
   B) is preferred by the planes since it has a smooth air condition
   C) consists of the ozone which keeps the stratosphere cool and smooth
   D) has different levels above the equator and the polars due to air warmth
   E) is sixteen miles high from the earth in total
  
  2. It's stated in the passage that _____.
   A) the thickest layer of atmosphere is stratosphere
   B) airplanes are unable to fly in the lower layer of atmosphere
   C) the temperature in the stratosphere increases as the height increases
   D) the stratopause also consists of the troposphere
   E) the ozone layer is thicker above the equator while it's shallow above
   the polars
  
  3. It's given in the passage that _____.
   A) clouds are rare above the polar regions
   B) the highest layer of the atmosphere is stratopause
   C) as there is very little humidity in the stratosphere it's impossible to see
   violent winds there
   D) clouds can get as high as ten miles above the equator which has a
   great deal of humidity
   E) the ozone layer is mainly held in the stratosphere

  Public libraries, maintained by the local authorities, are well developed and progressive, and everywhere allow people to borrow books without charge. The books in the lending section are always kept on open shelves, and library staffs are very helpful in getting books on request from other libraries through the exchange system. Most libraries report an increase in borrowing over the past few years, so television does not seem to be stopping people from reading, as it was feared that it would.
  
  1. It is explained in the passage that any book which is not available
  in one library _____ .
  A) won't be available at any library
  B) can be brought from another
  C) discourages people from using libraries
  D) spoils the whole lending system of the public libraries
  E) should be reported to the librarian
  2. As pointed out in the passage, people nowadays _____ .
  A) prefer entertaining television programs to reading
  B) are using public libraries more than they used to in the past
  C) read a lot but don't use the libraries much
  D) complain a great deal about the poor services the libraries are
  offering
  E) are using the exchange system less and less frequently
  3. The passage gives us the impression that public libraries _____ .
  A) charge more than is necessary for the services given
  B) are no longer receiving any financial support from local authorities
  C) are working extremely efficiently at present
  D) do not cooperate with each other at all
  E) are understaffed and poorly equipped

  Insects and Spiders
  
  Often mistaken for insects, spiders actually belong to a different classification of creatures, called arachnids. They're insects' worst enemies. Although a few species, such as the black widow and the brown recluse, are dangerous, the majority are harmless to humans. Moreover, they can be helpful. Pest control, for example is just one of the many ways spiders can help us. Because they kill far more pests than commercial insecticides do. In the future, perhaps if farmers employ armies of spiders to protect their fields, our grocery bills will be lower and our soil and water and food will have fewer pesticide remains.
  
  1. Unlike many people think, _____.
   A) spiders can be used in insecticide industry
   B) the black widow is a dangerous species of the spider
   C) spiders are the worst enemy of insects
   D) same species of spiders are dangerous
   E) a spider is not a kind of insect at all
  
  2. The black widow and the brown recluse _____.
   A) are often confused with other species of spiders
   B) do the greatest harm to soil, water, and food
   C) are two of the few dangerous species of spiders
   D) don't belong to the classification of creatures called "arachnids."
   E) are the most commonly used species of spiders in pest control
  
  3. In the future, agricultural products might be cheaper and healthier if _____.
   A) farmers used cheaper commercial insecticides
   B) they found an effective way to get rid of spiders
   C) some species of spiders weren't so harmful
   D) armies of spiders are employed to protect the fields
   E) insecticides destroy all the insects on the field

  Active Passive Smoking
  Answer the questions according to the reading passage.
  
  Psychologist George Spilich at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to think and concentrate. He put non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived of cigarettes through a series of tests. In the first test, each subject sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well. The next test was more complex. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine, active smokers were faster than deprived smokers. In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers. In the fourth test, non-smokers were the best and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. As the tests became more complex, non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins.
  
  1. It is pointed out in the passage that the purpose of George Spilich's experiments is _____.
   A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity
   of smokers
   B) to show how smoking damages people's mental capacity
   C) to prove that smoking affects people's regular performance
   D) to show that non-smokers are less productive at work than smokers
   E) to prove that nicotine helps people's short term memory
  
  2. We understand from the passage that _____.
   A) active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers
   B) active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects in all
   tests
   C) the other subjects were not better than nonsmokers in the simplest
   test
   D) deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks
   E) non-smokers committed more errors than deprived smokers in most of
   the tests
  
  3. George Spilich's experiment was conducted in such a way as to _____.
   A) check the effectiveness of nicotine on nonsmokers
   B) put the subjects through increasingly complex tests
   C) finish the tests as quickly as possible
   D) force the subjects to recall the words they learned
   E) compel the subjects to respond as fast as possible